Joseph Larmarange

Abo Yao, Altman Mathias, Bekelynck Anne, Dahourou Désiré, Simo Fotso Arlette, Godin Zélie, Kadio Kadidiatou, Larmarange Joseph, Sondo Apoline et Valentin Louis (2021) Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques liées à la pandémie COVID-19 des médecins au Burkina Faso Vague 2 : septembre - décembre 2020, Policy brief (2), Ouagadougou : Aphro-Cov, 6 p. https://aphro-cov.com/ressources_liste/connaissances-attitudes-et-pratiques-liees-a-la-pandemie-covid-19-des-medecins-au-burkina-faso-vague-2/.

Résumé : CAP-CoV-BF : une enquête nationale réalisées auprès des médecins au Burkina Faso Le personnel de santé se trouve au cœur du dispositif élaboré dans le cadre de la réponse à l’épidémie de COVID-19, à la fois en tant qu’acteur essentiel du dispositif de réponse à l’épidémie, et en tant que premières personnes exposées et victimes. Il est ainsi essentiel de s’assurer de la compréhension de cette maladie (symptômes, modes de transmission, mesures de prévention, etc.) et de l’acceptabilité et de l’adaptation des médecins du Burkina Faso face aux mesures de santé publique préconisées. Cela permet d’identifier les difficultés et les barrières qu’ils rencontrent afin d’adopter les mesures de protection adéquates, proposer des interventions adaptées pour les surmonter et prioriser les messages qui leur sont destinés. L’objectif principal de cette étude est de fournir aux acteurs nationaux impliqués dans la gestion de la crise des données probantes régulières et représentatives à l’échelle nationale sur les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des médecins au Burkina Faso. Une enquête quantitative transversale par téléphone a été mise en place auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de médecins sur l’ensemble du territoire. Une 1ère enquête a été menée en septembre 2020 (n=166) et une 2ème en décembre 2020 (n=190).

Abo Yao, Altman Mathias, Bekelynck Anne, Dahourou Désiré, Simo Fotso Arlette, Godin Zélie, Kadio Kadidiatou, Larmarange Joseph, Sondo Apoline et Valentin Louis (2021) Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques liées à la pandémie COVID-19 des médecins au Burkina Faso - Enquêtes 1, 2 et 3 : septembre 2020 - décembre 2020 – février 2021, Policy brief (3), Ouagadougou : Aphro-Cov, 6 p. https://aphro-cov.com/ressources_liste/enquete-cap-cov-bf-resultats-des-3-vagues-denquete-et-evolutions-observees/.

Résumé : CAP-CoV-BF : une enquête nationale réalisées auprès des médecins au Burkina Faso Le personnel de santé se trouve au cœur du dispositif élaboré dans le cadre de la réponse à l’épidémie de COVID-19, à la fois en tant qu’acteur essentiel du dispositif de réponse à l’épidémie, et en tant que premières personnes exposées et victimes. Il est ainsi essentiel de s’assurer de la compréhension de cette maladie (symptômes, modes de transmission, mesures de prévention, etc.) et de l’acceptabilité et de l’adaptation des médecins du Burkina Faso face aux mesures de santé publique préconisées. Cela permet d’identifier les difficultés et les barrières qu’ils rencontrent afin d’adopter les mesures de protection adéquates, proposer des interventions adaptées pour les surmonter et prioriser les messages qui leur sont destinés. L’objectif principal de cette étude est de fournir aux acteurs nationaux impliqués dans la gestion de la crise des données probantes régulières et représentatives à l’échelle nationale sur les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des médecins au Burkina Faso. Une enquête quantitative transversale par téléphone a été mise en place auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de médecins sur l’ensemble du territoire. Une 1ère enquête a été menée en septembre 2020 (n=166) et une 2ème en décembre 2020 (n=190).

Ante-Testard Pearl Anne, Hamidouche Mohamed, Apouey Bénédicte, Baggaley Rachel, Larmarange Joseph, Benmarhnia Tarik, Temime Laura et Jean Kévin (2021) Understanding the pathways leading to socioeconomic inequalities in HIV testing uptake in 18 sub-Saharan African countries: a mediation analysis, 24 p. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.18.21263768v1.

Résumé : Introduction Although socioeconomic inequalities in HIV prevention, testing and treatment services have been well documented, their drivers remain poorly understood. Understanding the different pathways between socioeconomic position and HIV testing across different countries could help designing tailored programs aimed at reducing such inequalities. Methods We analysed data from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2010 and 2018 in 18 sub-Saharan African countries (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Congo DR, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe). Using a potential outcomes framework and the product method, we decomposed the total effect linking wealth and recent (< 12 months) HIV testing into i) direct effects, and ii) indirect effects, via demand-related (related to individual’s ability to perceive need for care and inclination to seek care) or supply-related (related to individual’s ability to reach, pay for and engage in health care) mediators. Multivariable gender-specific modified Poisson models were fitted to estimate proportions mediated, while accounting for exposure-mediator interaction when present. Results A total of 392,044 participants were included in the analysis. Pro-rich wealth-related inequalities were observed in a majority of countries, with nine countries with high levels of inequalities among women and 15 countries among men.The indirect effects of each mediator varied greatly across countries. The proportion mediated tended to be higher for demand-related than for supply-related mediators. For instance, among women, HIV-related knowledge was estimated to mediate up to 12.1% of inequalities in Côte d’Ivoire; this proportion was up to 31.5% for positive attitudes toward people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Senegal. For the four supply-related mediators, the proportion mediated was systematically below 7%. Similar conclusions were found when repeating analyses on men for the demand-related mediators, with higher proportions mediated by positive attitudes toward PLHIV (up to 39.9% in Senegal). Conclusions Our findings suggest that socioeconomic inequalities in HIV testing may be mediated by the demand-side more than supply-side characteristics, with important variability across countries. Overall, the important inter-country heterogeneity in pathways of socioeconomic inequalities in HIV testing illustrates that addressing inequalities requires tailored efforts as well as upstream interventions.A French version of the abstract is available upon request from the corresponding author.

Barnier Julien, Briatte François et Larmarange Joseph (2021) Questionr: Functions to Make Surveys Processing Easier, version 0.7.5. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=questionr.

Résumé : Set of functions to make the processing and analysis of surveys easier : interactive shiny apps and addins for data recoding, contingency tables, dataset metadata handling, and several convenience functions.

Mots-clés : OfficialStatistics.

Becquet Valentine, Nouaman Marcellin, Plazy Mélanie, Agoua Aline, Zébago Clémence, Dao Hervé, Montoyo Alice, Jary Aude, Coffie Patrick A., Eholié Serge, Larmarange Joseph et and the ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE team (2021) « A community-based healthcare package combining testing and prevention tools, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), immediate HIV treatment, management of hepatitis B virus, and sexual and reproductive health (SRH), targeting female sex workers (FSWs) in Côte d’Ivoire: the ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE project », BMC Public Health, 21 (1) (décembre 4), p. 2214. DOI : 10/gnpwbj. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12235-0.

Résumé : Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended by the WHO for HIV prevention among female sex workers (FSWs). A study conducted in 2016–2017 in Côte d’Ivoire showed that if PrEP is acceptable, FSWs also have many uncovered sexual health needs. Based on this evidence, the ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE project was developed in collaboration with a community-based organization. The main objective is to develop, document, and analyze a comprehensive sexual and reproductive healthcare package among FSWs in Côte d’Ivoire.

Mots-clés : Côte d’Ivoire, HIV prevention, Mixed-methods research, Mobile clinics, Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), Sex work, Sexual and reproductive health, Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), hepatitis B.

Snapshot (source)

Becquet et al. - 2021 - A community-based healthcare package combining tes.pdf 1 Mo (source)

Boye Sokhna, Bouaré Seydou, Ky-Zerbo Odette, Rouveau Nicolas, Simo Fotso Arlette, d'Elbée Marc, Silhol Romain, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Vautier Anthony, Breton Guillaume, Keita Abdelaye, Bekelynck Anne, Desclaux Alice, Larmarange Joseph et Pourette Dolorès (2021) « Challenges of HIV Self-Test Distribution for Index Testing When HIV Status Disclosure Is Low: Preliminary Results of a Qualitative Study in Bamako (Mali) as Part of the ATLAS Project », Frontiers in Public Health, 9 (mai 19). DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2021.653543. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.653543/full?&utm_source=Email_to_authors_&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=T1_11.5e1_author&utm_campaign=Email_publication&field=&journalName=Frontiers_in_Public_Health&id=653543.

Résumé : The rate of HIV status disclosure to partners is low in Mali, a West African country with a national HIV prevalence of 1.2%. HIV self-testing (HIVST) could increase testing coverage among partners of people living with HIV (PLHIV). This study aims to improve our understanding of the practices, limitations and issues related to the distribution of HIV self-tests at an HIV care clinic in Bamako, Mali. An ethnographic survey was conducted in 2019. It consisted of (i) individual interviews with 8 health professionals involved in the distribution of HIV self-tests; (ii) 591 observations of medical consultations, including social service consultations, with PLHIV; (iii) 7 observations of peer educator-led PLHIV group discussions. HIVST was discussed in only 9% of the observed consultations (51/591). When HIVST was discussed, the discussion was almost always initiated by the health professional rather than PLHIV. HIVST was discussed infrequently because in most of the consultations, it was not appropriate to propose partner HIVST (e.g., when PLHIV were widowed, did not have partners, or had delegated someone to renew their prescriptions). Some PLHIV had not disclosed their HIV status to their partners. Dispensing HIV self-tests was time-consuming, and medical consultations were very short. Three main barriers to HIV self-test distribution when HIV status had not been disclosed to partners were identified: (1) almost all health professionals avoided offering HIVST to PLHIV when they thought or knew that the PLHIV had not disclosed their HIV status to partners; (2) PLHIV were reluctant to offer HIVST to their partners if they had not disclosed their HIV-positive status to them; (3) there was limited use of strategies to support the disclosure of HIV status. In conclusion, it is essential to strengthen strategies to support the disclosure of HIV+ status. It is necessary to develop a specific approach for the provision of HIV self-tests for the partners of PLHIV by rethinking the involvement of stakeholders. This approach should provide them with training tailored to the issues related to the (non)disclosure of HIV status and gender inequalities, and improving counseling for PLHIV.

Mots-clés : HIV self-testing, HIV status disclosure, Index testing, Knowledge of HIV status, Mali, Partners of PLHIV, People living with HIV, Screening -.

d'Elbée Marc, Traore Métogara Mohamed, Badiane Kéba, Vautier Anthony, Simo Fotso Arlette, Kabemba Odé Kanku, Rouveau Nicolas, Godfrey-Faussett Peter, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Boily Marie-Claude, Medley Graham Francis, Larmarange Joseph, Terris-Prestholt Fern et ATLAS Team (2021) « Costs and Scale-Up Costs of Integrating HIV Self-Testing Into Civil Society Organisation-Led Programmes for Key Populations in Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, and Mali », Frontiers in Public Health, 9 (mai 24). DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2021.653612. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.653612/full.

Résumé : Despite significant progress on the proportion of individuals who know their HIV status in 2020, Côte d’Ivoire (76%), Senegal (78%), and Mali (48%) remain far below, and key populations (KP) including female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and people who use injectable drugs (PWuID) are the most vulnerable groups with a HIV prevalence at 5%-30%. HIV self-testing (HIVST), a process where a person collects his/her own specimen, performs an HIV test, and interprets the result, was introduced in 2019 as a new testing modality through the ATLAS project coordinated by the international partner organisation Solthis (IPO). In this paper, we estimate the costs of implementing HIVST through twenty-three civil society organisations (CSO)-led models for KP in Côte d’Ivoire (N=7), Senegal (N=11), and Mali (N=5). We modelled costs for programme transition (2021) and early scale-up (2022-2023). Between July 2019 and September 2020, a total of 51,028, 14,472 and 34,353 HIVST kits were distributed in Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal, and Mali, respectively. Across countries, 64%-80% of HIVST kits were distributed to FSW, 20%-31% to MSM, and 5%-8% to PWuID. Average costs per HIVST kit distributed ranged $12-$15 (FSW), $14-$27 (MSM), and $15-$143 (PWuID), driven by personnel costs at various intervention levels (53%-78% of total costs), and HIVST kits costs (2%-15%). Estimated average costs at scale-up ranged $6-$13 (FSW), $6-$23 (MSM), and $14-$50 (PWuID), and were mainly explained by the spreading of IPO costs over higher HIVST distribution volumes. In all three countries, CSO-led HIVST kit provision to KP showed relatively high costs during the study period related to the progressive integration of the programme to CSO activities and contextual challenges (COVID-19 pandemic, country safety concerns). The analysis of costs at scale suggests that, in the transition to scale-up and further integration of the HIVST programme into CSO existing activities, this model can evolve into an affordable HIV testing strategy. This is particularly relevant as it remains today the most promising strategy for reaching KP of the HIV epidemic, their sexual partners, and FSW clients not accessing HIV testing. Further research will assess the overall cost-effectiveness of this model.

Mots-clés : Costs and Cost Analysis, Côte d'Ivoire, diagnosis, Female sex workers, HIV self-testing, Key populations, Knowledge of HIV status, Mali, Men who have sex with men, People who use injectable drugs, Scale-up, screening, Senegal, West Africa.

d'Elbée Marc, Traore Métogara Mohamed, Badiane Kéba, Vautier Anthony, Simo Fotso Arlette, Kanku Kabemba Odé, Rouveau Nicolas, Godfrey-Faussett Peter, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Boily Marie-Claude, Medley Graham Francis, Larmarange Joseph et Terris-Prestholt Fern (2021) « Costs and costs-at-scale of provision of HIV self-testing kits by civil society organisations to key populations and their sexual partners in Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal and Mali » (poster PED500), présenté à 11th IAS Conference on HIV Science, Berlin. https://theprogramme.ias2021.org/Abstract/Abstract/476.

Résumé : BACKGROUND: Despite significant progress on the proportion of individuals who know their HIV status in 2020, Côte d'Ivoire (76%), Senegal (78%), and Mali (48%) remain far below the 90-90-90 targets. Key populations including female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and people who use drugs (PWUD) are the most vulnerable groups with HIV prevalence at 5%-30%. HIV self-testing (HIVST) was introduced in West Africa in 2019 as a new testing modality through the ATLAS project coordinated by the international partner organisation Solthis (IPO). METHODS: We estimated the costs of implementing HIVST through twenty-three civil society organisations (CSO)-led models in Côte d'Ivoire (N=7), Senegal (N=11), and Mali (N=5). We modelled costs for programme transition (2021) and early scale-up (2022-2023). RESULTS: Between July-2019 and September-2020, a total of 51,028, 14,472 and 34,353 HIVST kits were distributed in Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, and Mali, respectively. Across countries, 64%-80% of HIVST kits were distributed to FSW, 20%-31% to MSM, and 5%-8% to PWUD. Cost per HIVST kit distributed ranged from $12-$15 (FSW), $14-$27 (MSM), to $15-$143 (PWUD), driven by personnel costs at various intervention levels (53%-78% of total costs), and HIVST kit costs (2%-15%). Predicted costs at scale-up ranged from $5-$13 (FSW), $5-$24 (MSM), to $13-$53 (PWUD), and were mainly explained by the spreading of IPO costs over higher HIVST distribution volumes. CONCLUSIONS: In all countries, CSO-led HIVST kit provision to key populations showed relatively high costs related to the progressive integration of the programme to CSO activities and contextual challenges (e.g. country security issues). In the transition to scale-up and further integration of the HIVST programme into CSO activities, this model can become less costly. This is particularly relevant as it remains today the most promising strategy for reaching key populations and their sexual partners not accessing HIV testing.

Fiorentino Marion, Nishimwe Marie, Protopopescu Camelia, Iwuji Collins, Okesola Nonhlanhla, Spire Bruno, Orne-Gliemann Joanna, McGrath Nuala, Pillay Deenan, Dabis François, Larmarange Joseph, Boyer Sylvie et for the ANRS 12249 TaSP Study Group (2021) « Early ART Initiation Improves HIV Status Disclosure and Social Support in People Living with HIV, Linked to Care Within a Universal Test and Treat Program in Rural South Africa (ANRS 12249 TasP Trial) », AIDS and Behavior, 25 (4) (avril), p. 1306-1322. DOI : 10.1007/s10461-020-03101-y. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-03101-y.

Résumé : We investigated the effect of early antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation on HIV status disclosure and social support in a cluster-randomized, treatment-as-prevention (TasP) trial in rural South Africa. Individuals identified HIV-positive after home-based testing were referred to trial clinics where they were invited to initiate ART immediately irrespective of CD4 count (intervention arm) or following national guidelines (control arm). We used Poisson mixed effects models to assess the independent effects of (a) time since baseline clinical visit, (b) trial arm, and (c) ART initiation on HIV disclosure (n = 182) and social support (n = 152) among participants with a CD4 count > 500 cells/mm3 at baseline. Disclosure and social support significantly improved over follow-up in both arms. Disclosure was higher (incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.24 [1.04; 1.48]), and social support increased faster (1.22 [1.02; 1.46]) in the intervention arm than in the control arm. ART initiation improved both disclosure and social support (1.50 [1.28; 1.75] and 1.34 [1.12; 1.61], respectively), a stronger effect being seen in the intervention arm for social support (1.50 [1.12; 2.01]). Besides clinical benefits, early ART initiation may also improve psychosocial outcomes. This should further encourage countries to implement universal test-and-treat strategies.

Inghels Maxime, Kouassi Arsène Kra, Niangoran Serge, Bekelynck Anne, Carillon Séverine, Sika Lazare, Koné Mariatou, Danel Christine, Desgrées du Loû Annabel, Larmarange Joseph et for the research team ANRS 12323 DOD-CI (2021) « Telephone peer recruitment and interviewing during a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) survey: feasibility and field experience from the first phone-based RDS survey among men who have sex with men in Côte d’Ivoire », BMC Medical Research Methodology, 21 (1) (février 5), p. 25. DOI : 10.1186/s12874-021-01208-x. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-021-01208-x.

Résumé : Many respondent-driven sampling (RDS) methodologies have been employed to investigate hard-to-reach populations; however, these methodologies present some limits. We describe a minimally investigated RDS methodology in which peer recruitment and interviewing are phone-based. The feasibility of the methodology, field experiences, validity of RDS assumptions and characteristics of the sample obtained are discussed.

Mots-clés : Côte d’Ivoire, Men who have sex with men, Phone-based survey, Respondent-driven sampling.

Iwuji Collins, Baisley Kathy, Orne-Gliemann Joanna, Larmarange Joseph, Plazy Mélanie, Collier Dami, Dreyer Jaco, Mngomezulu T, Herbst Kobus, Hanekom W, Dabis François et Siedner Mark (2021) « Long-term survival among people living with HIV in rural South Africa: results from 6 years of observation in the ANRS 12249 treatment as prevention trial » (poster PEC279), présenté à 11th IAS Conference on HIV Science, Berlin. https://theprogramme.ias2021.org/Abstract/Abstract/2085.

Résumé : BACKGROUND: Universal test-and-treat trials increased population-level virological suppression across trial sites in sub-Saharan Africa. We followed the ANRS 12249 TasP trial population for 6 years to determine whether the intervention had longer-term survival benefits. METHODS: The TasP trial was a cluster-randomised trial implemented in 22 communities in rural South Africa, from 2012'2016. Households were offered six-monthly home-based HIV testing. Immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) was offered in trial clinics to all people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the intervention clusters and according to national guidelines in the control clusters. At trial end, individuals attending the intervention clinics were transferred to the public ART programme, with a 'treat-all' strategy adopted in September 2016. Deaths during and two years after trial end were ascertained through annual demographic surveillance. Random effects Poisson regression was used to estimate rate ratios (RR) and 95%CI for the effect of trial arm on mortality among i) all PLHIV regardless of serostatus awareness, ii) PLHIV aware of their status, iii) those not on ART at entry to trial clinics. An interaction term between period and treatment arm was included, to allow the effect of trial arm to differ between periods. RESULTS: Amongst all PLHIV and those aware of their serostatus, there was no effect of immediate ART on mortality (Table). Among individuals who started ART during the trial, there was evidence that the intervention decreased mortality (aRR=0.69, 95%CI=0.45-1.04, p=0.08), although the effect was primarily during the trial (aRR=0.49, 95%CI=0.28-0.85, p=0.01), but not after the trial ended (aRR=1.15, 95%CI=0.59-2.21, p=0.69). CONCLUSIONS: The 'treat-all' strategy resulted in a mortality benefit amongst individuals who started ART within the trial but not in all PLHIV over 6 years of follow-up. To achieve maximum benefit of immediate ART in South Africa, barriers to ART uptake and retention in care need to be addressed.

Kouassi Arsène Kra, Simo Fotso Arlette, N'Guessan Kouassi Noël, Geoffroy Olivier, Younoussa Sidibé, Kanku Kabemba Odé, Dieng Baidy, Dama Ndeye Pauline, Rouveau Nicolas, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Boily Marie-Claude, Silhol Romain, d'Elbée Marc, Vautier Anthony, Larmarange Joseph et on behalf of the ATLAS Team (2021) « Reaching key and peripheral populations: a phone-based survey of HIV self-test users in West Africa » (poster #PEC004), présenté à 21st ICASA, Dakar.

Résumé : Background In West Africa, community-based strategies focussing on key populations (KP) such as female sex workers (FSW) and men having sex with men (MSM) have significantly improved access to HIV testing for KP. However, some of them (like “occasional FSW” or “hidden MSM”) remain difficult to reach, as well as their sexual partners and clients. HIV self-testing (HIVST) kits can be distributed to primary contacts for personal use and through secondary distribution, where contacts are invited to redistribute kits to their peers, partners, and relatives. Since 2019, the ATLAS program implements such a strategy in Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal, including FSW-based and MSM-based activities within the communities. Methods To examine the profiles of actual HIVST users without actively tracking them, we implemented a phone‐based survey. Between March and June 2021, leaflets were distributed in Côte d'Ivoire, Mali and Senegal with the HIV test kits, inviting users to call a free phone number anonymously. Participation was rewarded with $3 USD of phone credit. Each flyer had a unique participation number to indirectly identify the distribution channel (DC), FSW-based or MSM-based. Results A total of 1305 participants were recruited among the FSW-DC and 1100 through MSM-DC across countries out of 44’598 HIVST kits distributed. Of participants, 69% received their self-test kit through primary distribution and 31% received it from a friend (17%), sexual partner (7%), relative (6%) or colleague (1%), which illustrates the feasibility of secondary distribution. In the FSW-DC, 48% of participants were male, and in the MSM-DC 9% were female, showing the capacity of HIVST to reach sexual partners and clients of KP. Only 50% of male participants in the MSM-DC reported to the interviewer that they ever had sex with a man, suggesting that some “hidden MSM” may also be recruited. One third of female participants from the FSW-DC and 45% of male participants from the MSM-DC were testing for the first time. The proportions whose last HIV test was done more than a year were respectively 24% and 14%. These proportions are higher than observed in surveys conducted among FSW and MSM in the same countries. Conclusions HIVST offers a complementary testing approach to increase diagnosis coverage among KP that face barriers to conventional HIV testing strategies. Secondary distribution of HIVST is feasible and has the potential to reach, beyond KP, vulnerable peripheral groups.

Kra Arsène Kouassi, Colin Géraldine, Diop Papa Moussa, Fotso Arlette Simo, Rouveau Nicolas, Hervé Kouakou Kouamé, Geoffroy Olivier, Diallo Bakary, Kabemba Odé Kanku, Dieng Baidy, Diallo Sanata, Vautier Anthony, Larmarange Joseph et ATLAS Team (2021) « Introducing and Implementing HIV Self-Testing in Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal: What Can We Learn From ATLAS Project Activity Reports in the Context of the COVID-19 Crisis? », Frontiers in Public Health (juillet 20), p. 1-14. DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2021.653565. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.653565/full.

Résumé : Background: The ATLAS program promotes and implements HIVST in Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal. Priority groups include members of key populations – female sex workers (FSW), men having sex with men (MSM), and people who use drugs (PWUD) – and their partners and relatives. HIVST distribution activities, which began in mid-2019, were impacted in early 2020 by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This article, focusing only on outreach activities among key populations, analyzes quantitative and qualitative program data collected during implementation to examine temporal trends in HIVST distribution and their evolution in the context of the COVID-19 health crisis. Specifically, we investigated the impact on, the adaptation of, and the disruption of field activities. Results: In all three countries, the pre-COVID-19 period was marked by a gradual increase in HIVST distribution. The period corresponding to the initial emergency response (March-May 2020) witnessed an important disruption of activities: a total suspension in Senegal, a significant decline in Côte d’Ivoire, and a less pronounced decrease in Mali. Secondary distribution was also negatively impacted. Peer educators showed resilience and adapted by relocating from public to private areas, reducing group sizes, moving night activities to the daytime, increasing the use of social networks, integrating hygiene measures, and promoting assisted HIVST as an alternative to conventional rapid testing. From June 2020 onward, with the routine management of the COVID-19 pandemic, a catch-up phenomenon was observed with the resumption of activities in Senegal, the opening of new distribution sites, a rebound in the number of distributed HIVST kits, a resurgence in larger group activities, and a rebound in the average number of distributed HIVST kits per primary contact. Conclusions: Although imperfect, the program data provide useful information to describe changes in the implementation of HIVST outreach activities over time. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIVST distribution among key populations was visible in the monthly activity reports. Focus groups and individual interviews allowed us to document the adaptations made by peer educators, with variations across countries and populations. These adaptations demonstrate the resilience and learning capacities of peer educators and key populations.

Mots-clés : Côte d'Ivoire, COVID-19, HIV self-testing, Key populations, Mali, Senegal, West Africa.

Ky-Zerbo Odette, Desclaux Alice, Kouadio Alexis Brou, Rouveau Nicolas, Vautier Anthony, Sow Souleymane, Camara Sidi Cheick, Boye Sokhna, Pourette Dolorès, Sidibé Younoussa, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Larmarange Joseph et on behalf of the ATLAS Team (2021) « Enthusiasm for Introducing and Integrating HIV Self-Testing but Doubts About Users: A Baseline Qualitative Analysis of Key Stakeholders' Attitudes and Perceptions in Côte d'Ivoire, Mali and Senegal », Frontiers in Public Health, 9 (octobre 18). DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2021.653481. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2021.653481.

Résumé : Since 2019, the ATLAS project, coordinated by Solthis in collaboration with national AIDS programs, has introduced, promoted and delivered HIV self-testing (HIVST) in Côte d'Ivoire, Mali and Senegal. Several delivery channels have been defined, including key populations: men who have sex with men, female sex workers and people who use injectable drugs. At project initiation, a qualitative study analyzing the perceptions and attitudes of key stakeholders regarding the introduction of HIVST in their countries and its integration with other testing strategies for key populations was conducted. The study was conducted from September to November 2019 within 3 months of the initiation of HIVST distribution. Individual interviews were conducted with 60 key informants involved in the project or in providing support and care to key populations: members of health ministries, national AIDS councils, international organizations, national and international non-governmental organizations, and peer educators. Semi structured interviews were recorded, translated when necessary, and transcribed. Data were coded using Dedoose© software for thematic analyses. We found that stakeholders' perceptions and attitudes are favorable to the introduction and integration of HIVST for several reasons. Some of these reasons are held in common, and some are specific to each key population and country. Overall, HIVST is considered able to reduce stigma; preserve anonymity and confidentiality; reach key populations that do not access testing via the usual strategies; remove spatial barriers; save time for users and providers; and empower users with autonomy and responsibility. It is non-invasive and easy to use. However, participants also fear, question and doubt users' autonomy regarding their ability to use HIVST kits correctly; to ensure quality secondary distribution; to accept a reactive test result; and to use confirmation testing and care services. For stakeholders, HIVST is considered an attractive strategy to improve access to HIV testing for key populations. Their doubts about users' capacities could be a matter for reflective communication with stakeholders and local adaptation before the implementation of HIVST in new countries. Those perceptions may reflect the West African HIV situation through the emphasis they place on the roles of HIV stigma and disclosure in HIVST efficiency.

Ky-Zerbo et al. - 2021 - Enthusiasm for Introducing and Integrating HIV Sel.pdf

Ky-Zerbo Odette, Desclaux Alice, Kouadio Brou Alexis, Rouveau Nicolas, Vautier Anthony, Sow Souleymane, Camara Cheick Sidi, Boye Sokhna, Pourette Dolorès, Younoussa Sidibé, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Larmarange Joseph et for the ATLAS Team (2021) « Introducing HIV self-testing (HIVST) among key populations in West Africa: a baseline qualitative analysis of key stakeholders' attitudes and perceptions in Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal » (poster PEC320), présenté à 11th IAS Conference on HIV Science, Berlin. https://theprogramme.ias2021.org/Abstract/Abstract/972.

Résumé : BACKGROUND: HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a way to improve HIV status knowledge and access to HIV testing. Since 2019, the ATLAS project has introduced, promoted, and delivered HIVST in Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal, in particular among female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), people who use drugs (PWUD), these key populations being particularly vulnerable to HIV and stigmatized in West Africa. Stakeholders involved in HIV testing activities targeting key populations are essential for the deployment of HIVST. Here, we analyze their perceptions of the introduction of HIVST in their countries. METHODS: A qualitative survey was conducted from September to November 2019 within three months of HIVST distribution initiation. Individual interviews were conducted with 60 stakeholders (Côte d'Ivoire, 19; Mali, 20; Senegal, 21). Semi-structured interviews were recorded, translated when necessary, and transcribed. Data were coded using Dedoose"© software for thematic analyses. RESULTS: In the three countries, stakeholders express enthusiasm and willingness to introduce HIVST for several reasons. HIVST is considered able to reduce stigma, preserve anonymity and confidentiality, especially for MSM and PWUD; reach key populations that do not access testing via usual strategies and HIV+ key populations; remove spatial barriers; save time for providers and users, notably for FSW; and empower users with autonomy and responsibility. HIVST is noninvasive and easy to use. Secondary distribution of HIVST seems appropriate for reaching partners of MSM, with confidentiality. However, stakeholders expressed doubts about key populations' ability, particularly PWUD, to correctly use HIVST kits, ensure quality secondary distribution, accept a reactive test result, and use confirmation testing and care services. They also mentioned that FSW might have difficulties redistributing HIVST to their clients and partners. CONCLUSIONS: HIVST is considered an attractive strategy to improve access to HIV testing for key populations. The doubts about users' capacities could be a matter of reflective communication with stakeholders before HIVST implementation in other western African countries.

Larmarange Joseph (2021) « Enseigner R sur YouTube en temps de Covid : retours d’expérience des webin-R » (communication orale), présenté à Journées d'étude : Compter, Mesurer, Calculer.. Raisonner ? Enseigner le quanti en sciences sociales dans le supérieur : pratiques et défis", Nantes. https://quanti.hypotheses.org/2157.

Résumé : En raison du contexte sanitaire, plusieurs formations intensives sur l’analyse d’enquêtes avec R et RStudio à destination de mastorants, doctorants et post-doctorants en sciences sociales que je devais animer en France et en Afrique de l’Ouest ont dues être annulées ou reportées. En réponse, a été mis en place à partir de novembre 2019 un webinaire en ligne hebdomadaire d’enseignement à R : les webin-R. Face à la demande (plus de 400 inscrits à la mailing liste dédiée mise en place début novembre 2020), il a été choisi de diffuser le webin-R en live sur YouTube, avec possibilité de visionnage en différé. Les séances durent entre 1h30 et 2h. L’intervenant partage son écran pour tester le code R en direct et permettre aux participants de visualiser l’interface RStudio. Comme les interactions avec les participants sont limitées (uniquement le chat YouTube pendant le live), des sessions interactives du type Foire aux questions (FAQ) sont organisées sur Zoom tous les 4 à 6 séances, enregistrées et rediffusées sur YouTube. YouTube a également été choisi pour sa facilité d’utilisation, sa bande passante élevée (notamment pour les spectateurs africains) et la possibilité de visionner les vidéos dans différentes qualités (dont en HD 1080p, indispensable pour que la capture d’écran et le code R soient bien lisibles). La captation vidéo est réalisée avec le service https://streamyard.com/ qui permet un flux video live en 1080p, le suivi en direct du chat et la possibilité d’afficher à l’image des commentaires choisis par l’intervenant. Les webin-R s’accompagnent d’une mailing listes dédiée, d’une chaîne YouTube et d’un site d’accompagnement (https://larmarange.github.io/webin-R/) où pour chaque séance sont fournies des ressources additionnelles, notamment les scripts R des séances et des liens vers des chapitres analyse-R (https://larmarange.github.io/analyse-R/), une sorte de manuel pratique en ligne existant depuis une dizaine d’années (les contenus correspondent à l’équivalent d’un ouvrage de plus de 1200 pages et le site enregistre ~50 000 pages vues par mois). L’ensemble des contenus des webin-R et d’analyse-R sont accessibles gratuitement et sous licence libre Creative Commons. Les webin-R n’ont pas pour vocation d’enseigner les statistiques proprement dites mais plutôt comment réaliser des statistiques avec les logiciels R et RStudio. Ils se focalisent sur la mise en œuvre pratique, l’objectif étant de donner les clés de départ pour permettre aux participants de pouvoir continuer à s’autoformer par la suite. Au 1er mars 2021, la chaîne YouTube des webinaires totalisait 485 abonnés, 11 vidéos (9 webin-R et 2 FAQ) et 8213 vues. Selon les données analytiques des 90 derniers jours : le nombre moyen de vue par spectateur est de 4,0 et les abonnés représentent 48% des vues. Mi-février 2021, après les neuf premières séances, une enquête a été mené auprès des participants aux webin-R. Il s’agissait d’un questionnaire en ligne dont la promotion a été réalisée via la liste de diffusion : 152 questionnaires complets ont été reçus. Les répondants étaient en majorité des hommes (61%). Ils étaient âgés de 33 ans en médiane (IQR : 28-41). Les deux tiers (64%) résident en France, 31% en Afrique francophone. Ils relèvent de situations diverses : étudiant·e·s en licence (1%), mastorant·e·s (16%), doctorant·e·s (29%), post-doctorant·e·s (5%), ingénieur·e·s de recherche (15%), chercheur·e·s ou enseignant-chercheur·e·s (14%), personnes travaillant dans le secteur privé (19%). Les disciplines sont toutes aussi variées : épidémiologie (19%), sociologie (15%), démographie (14%), économie (11%), statistique (9%), géographie (6%), … En termes de participation, on observe un léger phénomène de fatigue, avec un taux de participation de 80-90% pour les premières séances et de 61-76% pour les dernières séances. Surtout, la proportion suivant les séances en direct a diminué au profit d’un suivi en différé. Parmi les points forts mentionnés par les participants : visualisation en direct de la mise en œuvre du code via l’écran partagé ; la mise à disposition des scripts et de ressources en ligne ; l’approche pratique et pragmatique ; le fait que les vidéos et les ressources soient en français ; la possibilité de revoir les vidéos en différé ; l’existence du site analyse-R en complément des vidéos (78% l’utilisent régulièrement) ; l’existence de sessions FAQ… Parmi les points faibles sont mentionnés : l’absence d’exercice ; la non-possibilité de valider des crédits d’enseignement ; le fait que toutes les explications données pendant les vidéos ne sont pas forcément reprises sur analyse-R ; le souhait de plus d’applications concrètes sur des données existantes ; un temps insuffisant consacré à l’interprétation des résultats ; une organisation et structuration des sessions FAQ à améliorer… Une enquête complémentaire est prévue en mai 2021. La présentation portera sur les leçons apprises de l’expérience des webin-R, ses atouts et ses limites.

Larmarange Joseph (2021) « From Key Populations to beyond : using HIV self-testing to increasingly reach vulnerable groups in West-Africa » (communication orale), présenté à 11th IAS Conference on HIV Science, Berlin. https://theprogramme.ias2021.org/Programme/Session/163.

Larmarange Joseph (2021) « Initier la communauté de recherche à l’analyse d’enquêtes avec R et RStudio : retours d’expériences d’analyse-R et des webin-R » (communication orale), présenté à Semaine Data SHS 2021, Paris. https://progedo.hypotheses.org/1787.

Larmarange Joseph, Ludecke Daniel, Wickham Hadley, Bojanowski Michal et Briatte François (2021) Labelled: Manipulating Labelled Data, version 2.9.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=labelled.

Résumé : Work with labelled data imported from 'SPSS' or 'Stata' with 'haven' or 'foreign'. This package provides useful functions to deal with "haven_labelled" and "haven_labelled_spss" classes introduced by 'haven' package.

Larmarange Joseph et pour l'équipe ATLAS (2021) « Au-delà des populations clés : la distribution secondaire de kits d’autodépistage du VIH en Afrique de l’Ouest » (communication orale (symposium ATLAS), présenté à 21st ICASA conference, Durban.

Larmarange Joseph et Sjoberg Daniel D. (2021) Broom.helpers: Helpers for Model Coefficients Tibbles, version 1.5.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=broom.helpers.

Résumé : Provides suite of functions to work with regression model 'broom::tidy()' tibbles. The suite includes functions to group regression model terms by variable, insert reference and header rows for categorical variables, add variable labels, and more.

Robinson David, Hayes Alex, Couch [aut Simon, cre, Patil Indrajeet, Chiu Derek, Gomez Matthieu, Demeshev Boris, Menne Dieter, Nutter Benjamin, Johnston Luke, Bolker Ben, Briatte Francois, Arnold Jeffrey, Gabry Jonah, Selzer Luciano, Simpson Gavin, Preussner Jens, Hesselberth Jay, Wickham Hadley, Lincoln Matthew, Gasparini Alessandro, Komsta Lukasz, Novometsky Frederick, Freitas Wilson, Evans Michelle, Brunson Jason Cory, Jackson Simon, Whalley Ben, Whiting Karissa, Rosseel Yves, Kuehn Michael, Cimentada Jorge, Holgersen Erle, Werner Karl Dunkle, Christensen Ethan, Pav Steven, PJ Paul, Schneider Ben, Kennedy Patrick, Medina Lily, Fannin Brian, Muhlenkamp Jason, Lehman Matt, Denney Bill, Crane Nic, Bates Andrew, Arel-Bundock Vincent, Hayashi Hideaki, Tobalina Luis, Wang Annie, Tham Wei Yang, Wang Clara, Smith Abby, Cooper Jasper, Krauska E. Auden, Wang Alex, Barrett Malcolm, Gray Charles, Wilber Jared, Gegzna Vilmantas, Szoecs Eduard, Aust Frederik, Moore Angus, Williams Nick, Barth Marius, Wundervald Bruna, Cahoon Joyce, McDermott Grant, Zarca Kevin, Kuriwaki Shiro, Wallrich Lukas, Martherus James, Xiao Chuliang, Larmarange Joseph, Kuhn Max, Bojanowski Michal, Malmedal Hakon, Wang Clara, Oller Sergio, Sonnet Luke, Hester Jim, Brunson Cory, Schneider Ben, Gray Bernie, Averick Mara, Jacobs Aaron, Bender Andreas, Templer Sven, Buerkner Paul-Christian, Kay Matthew, Pennec Erwan Le, Junkka Johan, Zhu Hao, Soltoff Benjamin, Saldana Zoe Wilkinson, Littlefield Tyler, Gray Charles T., Banks Shabbh E., Robinson Serina, Bivand Roger, Ots Riinu, Williams Nicholas, Jakobsen Nina, Weylandt Michael, Lendway Lisa, Hailperin Karl, Rodriguez Josue, Bryan Jenny, Jarvis Chris, Macfarlane Greg, Mannakee Brian, Tyre Drew, Singh Shreyas, Geffert Laurens, Ooi Hong, Bengtsson Henrik, Szocs Eduard, Hugh-Jones David, Stigler Matthieu, Tavares Hugo, Vervoort R. Willem, Wiernik Brenton M., Yamamoto Josh, Lee Jasme et Sanders Taren (2021) Broom: Convert Statistical Objects into Tidy Tibbles, version 0.7.10. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=broom.

Résumé : Summarizes key information about statistical objects in tidy tibbles. This makes it easy to report results, create plots and consistently work with large numbers of models at once. Broom provides three verbs that each provide different types of information about a model. tidy() summarizes information about model components such as coefficients of a regression. glance() reports information about an entire model, such as goodness of fit measures like AIC and BIC. augment() adds information about individual observations to a dataset, such as fitted values or influence measures.

Rouveau Nicolas, Ky-Zerbo Odette, Boye Sokhna, Fotso Arlette Simo, d’Elbée Marc, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Silhol Romain, Kouassi Arsène Kra, Vautier Anthony, Doumenc-Aïdara Clémence, Breton Guillaume, Keita Abdelaye, Ehui Eboi, Ndour Cheikh Tidiane, Boilly Marie-Claude, Terris-Prestholt Fern, Pourette Dolorès, Desclaux Alice, Larmarange Joseph et ATLAS Team (2021) « Describing, analysing and understanding the effects of the introduction of HIV self-testing in West Africa through the ATLAS programme in Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Senegal », BMC Public Health, 21 (1) (janvier 21), p. 181. DOI : 10.1186/s12889-021-10212-1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10212-1.

Résumé : Authors Nicolas Rouveau, Odette Ky-Zerbo, Sokhna Boye, Arlette Simo Fotso, Marc d’Elbée, Mathieu Maheu-Giroux, Romain Silhol, Arsène Kra Kouassi, Anthony Vautier, Clémence Doumenc-Aïdara, Guillaume Breton, Abdelaye Keita, Eboi Ehui, Cheikh Tidiane Ndour, Marie-Claude Boilly, Fern Terris-Prestholt, Dolorès Pourette, Alice Desclaux, Joseph Larmarange & for the ATLAS Team Abstract Background The ATLAS programme aims to promote and implement HIV self-testing (HIVST) in three West African countries: Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal. During 2019–2021, in close collaboration with the national AIDS implementing partners and communities, ATLAS plans to distribute 500,000 HIVST kits through eight delivery channels, combining facility-based, community-based strategies, primary and secondary distribution of HIVST. Considering the characteristics of West African HIV epidemics, the targets of the ATLAS programme are hard-to-reach populations: key populations (female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and drug users), their clients or sexual partners, partners of people living with HIV and patients diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections and their partners. The ATLAS programme includes research support implementation to generate evidence for HIVST scale-up in West Africa. The main objective is to describe, analyse and understand the social, health, epidemiological effects and cost-effectiveness of HIVST introduction in Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Senegal to improve the overall HIV testing strategy (accessibility, efficacy, ethics). Methods ATLAS research is organised into five multidisciplinary workpackages (WPs): Key Populations WP: qualitative surveys (individual in-depth interviews, focus group discussions) conducted with key actors, key populations, and HIVST users. Index testing WP: ethnographic observation of three HIV care services introducing HIVST for partner testing. Coupons survey WP: an anonymous telephone survey of HIVST users. Cost study WP: incremental economic cost analysis of each delivery model using a top-down costing with programmatic data, complemented by a bottom-up costing of a representative sample of HIVST distribution sites, and a time-motion study for health professionals providing HIVST. Modelling WP: Adaptation, parameterisation and calibration of a dynamic compartmental model that considers the varied populations targeted by the ATLAS programme and the different testing modalities and strategies. Discussion ATLAS is the first comprehensive study on HIV self-testing in West Africa. The ATLAS programme focuses particularly on the secondary distribution of HIVST. This protocol was approved by three national ethic committees and the WHO’s Ethical Research Committee.

Mots-clés : Côte d’Ivoire, HIV self-testing, HIV/AIDS, Mali, Senegal, West Africa.

Schloerke Barret, Cook Di, Larmarange Joseph, Briatte Francois, Marbach Moritz, Thoen Edwin, Elberg Amos, Toomet Ott, Crowley Jason, Hofmann Heike et Wickham Hadley (2021) GGally: Extension to 'ggplot2', version 2.1.2. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=GGally.

Résumé : The R package 'ggplot2' is a plotting system based on the grammar of graphics. 'GGally' extends 'ggplot2' by adding several functions to reduce the complexity of combining geometric objects with transformed data. Some of these functions include a pairwise plot matrix, a two group pairwise plot matrix, a parallel coordinates plot, a survival plot, and several functions to plot networks.

Silhol Romain, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Soni Nirali, Simo Fotso Arlette, Rouveau Nicolas, Vautier Anthony, Doumenc-Aïdara Clémence, Larmarange Joseph, Boily Marie-Claude et for the ATLAS Team (2021) « Modelling the population-level impact of a national HIV self-testing strategy among key populations in Côte d’Ivoire » (poster #PEC029), présenté à 21st ICASA conference, Durban.

Résumé : Background: A third of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Western Africa are not diagnosed, hindering progress towards HIV elimination. Scaling-up HIV self-testing (HIVST) among key populations (KP) such as female sex workers (FSW), their clients, and men who have sex with men (MSM), may further curb HIV transmission in this region. Using data from the ATLAS program in Côte d’Ivoire, we projected the potential impact of a national HIVST strategy among KP in the country. Methods: A deterministic model of HIV transmission and different testing modalities among key and lower-risk populations was parameterized following a review of demographic, behavioural, HIV and intervention data of the epidemic in Côte d’Ivoire over time. The model was then calibrated to empirical outcomes, including HIV prevalence, the fractions of PLHIV ever HIV tested, diagnosed, and treated, by risk group. Based on interim ATLAS HIVST programme data among KP in southern Côte d’Ivoire, we assumed that ~440,000 HIVST are distributed annually (i.e. ~10% of all tests in the country), including 29%, 22%, 32%, and 18% to FSW, their clients, MSM, and lower-risk populations, respectively. We predicted the potential impact of this HIVST strategy on new HIV infections and deaths, and new diagnoses over 10 years. Results: After 10 years, the HIVST strategy is expected to increase the fraction of all PLHIV diagnosed by 18%-points in both FSW (86% vs 69% without HIVST) and MSM (95% vs 77%), resulting in small increases overall (85% vs 83%). Overall, this strategy may avert 10,800 (5,100-24,200) new HIV infections over 10 years; equivalent to one infection averted per ~400 HIVST distributed. This corresponds to a relative decrease in new infections of 10% (5-17%), 9% (4-21%), and 32% (23-48%) among FSW, their clients, and MSM, respectively, and 5% (3-10%) overall. However, given the larger population size, two-thirds (63%; 44-78%) of all infections prevented over 10 years were among all lower-risk populations, reflecting the indirect effects of prioritizing KP. HIV mortality among FSW and MSM may be reduced by around 15% over 10 years, vs 4% among FSW clients and 2% overall (i.e. 2700 (1400-5600) total deaths averted). Conclusions and recommendations: A national HIVST strategy may prevent 3-10% of new HIV infections in Côte d’Ivoire, especially among FSW clients and MSM. This would help reduce disparities in HIV burden by reaching key populations and addressing their unmet treatment needs.

Sjoberg Daniel D., Curry Michael, Larmarange Joseph, Lavery Jessica, Whiting Karissa, Zabor Emily C., Bai Xing, Drill Esther, Flynn Jessica, Hannum Margie, Lobaugh Stephanie et Wainberg Gustavo Zapata (2021) Gtsummary: Presentation-Ready Data Summary and Analytic Result Tables, version 1.5.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=gtsummary.

Résumé : Creates presentation-ready tables summarizing data sets, regression models, and more. The code to create the tables is concise and highly customizable. Data frames can be summarized with any function, e.g. mean(), median(), even user-written functions. Regression models are summarized and include the reference rows for categorical variables. Common regression models, such as logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression, are automatically identified and the tables are pre-filled with appropriate column headers.

Sjoberg Daniel D., Whiting Karissa, Curry Michael, Lavery Jessica A. et Larmarange Joseph (2021) « The R Journal: Reproducible Summary Tables with the gtsummary Package », The R Journal, 13 (1) (août), p. 570-580. DOI : 10.32614/RJ-2021-053. https://doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2021-053/.

Résumé : The gtsummary package provides an elegant and flexible way to create publication-ready summary tables in R. A critical part of the work of statisticians, data scientists, and analysts is summarizing data sets and regression models in R and publishing or sharing polished summary tables. The gtsummary package was created to streamline these everyday analysis tasks by allowing users to easily create reproducible summaries of data sets, regression models, survey data, and survival data with a simple interface and very little code. The package follows a tidy framework, making it easy to integrate with standard data workflows, and offers many table customization features through function arguments, helper functions, and custom themes.

Spinu Vitalie, Grolemund Garrett, Wickham Hadley, Vaughan Davis, Lyttle Ian, Costigan Imanuel, Law Jason, Mitarotonda Doug, Larmarange Joseph, Boiser Jonathan, Lee Chel Hee et Inc Google (2021) Lubridate: Make Dealing with Dates a Little Easier, version 1.8.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lubridate.

Résumé : Functions to work with date-times and time-spans: fast and user friendly parsing of date-time data, extraction and updating of components of a date-time (years, months, days, hours, minutes, and seconds), algebraic manipulation on date-time and time-span objects. The 'lubridate' package has a consistent and memorable syntax that makes working with dates easy and fun. Parts of the 'CCTZ' source code, released under the Apache 2.0 License, are included in this package. See <https://github.com/google/cctz> for more details.

Mots-clés : ReproducibleResearch, TimeSeries.

Xie [aut Yihui, cre, Sarma Abhraneel, Vogt Adam, Andrew Alastair, Zvoleff Alex, http://www.andre-simon.de) Andre Simon (the CSS files under inst/themes/ were derived from the Highlight package, Atkins Aron, Wolen Aaron, Manton Ashley, Yasumoto Atsushi, Baumer Ben, Diggs Brian, Zhang Brian, Yapparov Bulat, Pereira Cassio, Dervieux Christophe, Hall David, Hugh-Jones David, Robinson David, Hemken Doug, Murdoch Duncan, Campitelli Elio, Hughes Ellis, Riederer Emily, Hirschmann Fabian, Simeon Fitch, Fang Forest, inst/misc/Sweavel.sty) Frank E. Harrell Jr (the Sweavel package at, Aden-Buie Garrick, Detrez Gregoire, Wickham Hadley, Zhu Hao, Jeon Heewon, Bengtsson Henrik, Yutani Hiroaki, Lyttle Ian, Daniel Hodges, Burkhead Jake, Manton James, Lander Jared, Punyon Jason, Luraschi Javier, Arnold Jeff, Bryan Jenny, inst/misc/docco-classic.css) Jeremy Ashkenas (the CSS file at, Stephens Jeremy, Hester Jim, Cheng Joe, Ranke Johannes, Honaker John, Muschelli John, Keane Jonathan, Allaire J. J., Toloe Johan, Sidi Jonathan, Larmarange Joseph, Barnier Julien, Zhong Kaiyin, Slowikowski Kamil, Forner Karl, Smith Kevin K., Mueller Kirill, Takahashi Kohske, Walthert Lorenz, Gallindo Lucas, Hofert Marius, Modrák Martin, Chirico Michael, Friendly Michael, Bojanowski Michal, Kuhlmann Michel, Patrick Miller, Caballero Nacho, Salkowski Nick, Hansen Niels Richard, Ross Noam, Mahdi Obada, Krivitsky Pavel N., Li Qiang, Vaidyanathan Ramnath, Cotton Richard, Krzyzanowski Robert, Francois Romain, Williamson Ruaridh, Kostyshak Scott, Meyer Sebastian, Brouwer Sietse, Bernard Simon de, Rousseau Sylvain, Wei Taiyun, Assus Thibaut, Lamadon Thibaut, Leeper Thomas, Mastny Tim, Torsney-Weir Tom, Davis Trevor, Veitas Viktoras, Zhu Weicheng, Wu Wush et Foster Zachary (2021) Knitr: A General-Purpose Package for Dynamic Report Generation in R, version 1.37. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=knitr.

Résumé : Provides a general-purpose tool for dynamic report generation in R using Literate Programming techniques.

Mots-clés : ReproducibleResearch.