Using routine programmatic data to estimate the population-level impacts of HIV self-testing: The example of the ATLAS program in Cote d'Ivoire https://t.co/EItQS2dkxQ #medRxiv
Abstract
Background HIV self-testing (HIVST) is recommended by the World Health Organization as an additional HIV testing approach. Since 2019, it has been implemented in Cote d'Ivoire through the ATLAS project, including primary and secondary distribution channels. While the discreet and flexible nature of HIVST makes it appealing for users, it also makes the monitoring and estimation of the population-level programmatic impact of HIVST programs challenging. We used routinely collected data to estimate the effects of ATLAS HIVST distribution on access to testing, conventional testing (self-testing excluded), diagnoses, and antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiations in Cote d'Ivoire. Methods We used the ATLAS project's programmatic data between the third quarter (Q) of 2019 (Q3 2019) and Q1 2021, in addition to routine HIV testing services program data obtained from the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief dashboard. We performed ecological time series regression using linear mixed models. Findings The results are presented for 1000 HIVST kits distributed through ATLAS. They show a negative but nonsignificant effect of the number of ATLAS HIVST on conventional testing uptake (-190 conventional tests [95% CI: -427 to 37, p=0.10]). We estimated that for 1000 additional HIVST distributed through ATLAS, +590 [95% CI: 357 to 821, p<0.001] additional individuals have accessed HIV testing, assuming an 80% HIVST utilization rate (UR) and +390 [95% CI: 161 to 625, p<0.001] assuming a 60% UR. The statistical relationship between the number of HIVST and HIV diagnoses was significant and positive (+8 diagnosis [95% CI: 0 to 15, p=0.044]). No effect was observed on ART initiation (-2 ART initiations [95% CI: -8 to 5, p=0.66]). Interpretations Social network-based HIVST distribution had a positive impact on access to HIV testing and diagnoses in Cote d'Ivoire. This approach offers a promising way for countries to assess the impact of HIVST programs. Funding Unitaid 2018-23-ATLAS
Competing Interest Statement
CD, AV, JL, PMD, ASF and NR acknowledge funding from UNITAID through the ATLAS project. MCB and RS acknowledge funding from the MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis (Reference MR/R015600/1), jointly funded by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO), under the MRC/FCDO Concordat agreement and is also part of the EDCTP2 program supported by the European Union. MM-G's research program is funded by the Tier 2 Canada Research Chair in Population Health Modeling. CJ declares that WHO receives grants to support activities on HIV testing including self-testing from USAID, UNITAID and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation All the other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Clinical Protocols
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Funding Statement
The ATLAS Project was funded by Unitaid, Grant number 2018-23-ATLAS
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